ABSTRACT
We have previously reported on a predictive model for deficiency-excess pattern diagnosis that was unable to predict the medium pattern. In this study, we aimed to develop predictive models for deficiency, medium,and excess pattern diagnosis, and to confirm whether cutoff values for diagnosis differed between the clinics. We collected data from patients' first visit to one of six Kampo clinics in Japan from January 2012 to February 2015. Exclusion criteria included unwillingness to participate in the study, missing data, duplicate data, under 20 years old, 20 or less subjective symptoms, and irrelevant patterns. In total, 1,068 participants were included. Participants were surveyed using a 153-item questionnaire. We constructed a predictive model for deficiency, medium, and excess pattern diagnosis using a random forest algorithm from training data, and extracted the most important items. We calculated predictive values for each participant by applying their data to the predictive model, and created receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with excess-medium and medium-deficiency patterns. Furthermore, we calculated the cutoff value for these patterns in each clinic using ROC curves, and compared them. Body mass index and blood pressure were the most important items. In all clinics, the cutoff values for diagnosis of excess-medium and medium-deficiency patterns was > 0.5 and < 0.5, respectively. We created a predictive model for deficiency, medium, and excess pattern diagnosis from the data of six Kampo clinics in Japan. The cutoff values for these patterns fell within a narrow range in the six clinics.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Neutrophils have an important role in the rapid innate immune response, and the release or active secretion of elastase from neutrophils is linked to various inflammatory responses. Purpose of this study was to determine how the human neutrophil elastase affects the interleukin-10 [IL-10] response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMC]
Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, changes in IL-10 messenger RNA [mRNA] and protein expression levels in monocytes derived from human PBMCs were investigated after stimulation with human neutrophil elastase [HNE]. A set of inhibitors was used for examining the pathways for IL-10 production induced by HNE
Results: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] showed that stimulation with HNE upregulated IL-10 mRNA expression by monocytes, while the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] revealed an increase of IL-10 protein level in the culture medium. A phospholipase C inhibitor [U73122] partially blunted the induction of IL-10 mRNA expression by HNE, while IL-10 mRNA expression was significantly reduced by a protein kinase C [PKC] inhibitor [Rottlerin]. A calcium chelator [3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-[diethylamino]octyl ester: TMB-8] inhibited the response of IL-10 mRNA to stimulation by HNE. In addition, pretreatment with a broad-spectrum PKC inhibitor [Ro-318425] partly blocked the response to HNE. Finally, an inhibitor of PKC theta/delta abolished the increased level of IL-10 mRNA Expression
Conclusion: These results indicate that HNE mainly upregulates IL-10 mRNA expression and protein production in moncytes via a novel PKC theta/delta, although partially via the conventional PKC pathway